Today's exploration delves deep into the principles of quantum Computing, its potential applications in fields like cryptography, optimization, and drug discovery, and the challenges faced in building practical quantum computers. Traditional computing relies on bits representing 0 or 1, while Quantum Computing operates on quantum bits or cubits, utilizing superposition to perform complex calculations rapidly. Quantum Computing could transform encryption methods, presenting challenges and opportunities in data security. It also offers novel quantum-resistant encryption solutions. Quantum Computing can optimize logistics, financial portfolios, and various industries, promising cost savings and efficiency. In drug discovery, quantum computers provide precision and efficiency in modeling molecular interactions, transcending traditional computational limitations.