A quantum computer operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics, allowing it to process information at speeds far surpassing classical computers. Unlike traditional computers that use binary bits, quantum computers utilize qubits which can exist in multiple states simultaneously through a property called superposition. This enables quantum computers to process multiple solutions at once, leading to faster problem-solving. Additionally, entangled qubits in quantum computers can influence each other regardless of distance, resulting in significantly higher computational power. The complex machinery of a quantum computer includes a maze of wires and intricate components, resembling a sci-fi setup.